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What happened to the Asters?
Why are they now in Symphyotrichum and Eurybia?
Since Linnaeus founded the genus Aster, it has
always been a difficult genus, for experts as well as layfolk.
Ordinary people have had great trouble telling the species
apart, since species identification has depended on many
variable characters. Experts, on the other hand, have had
trouble keeping them together. There is so much variation
in the genus that people have long agreed that it needed to be
split apart, and some have tried; however, no one came up with a
scheme based on the visible characters that everyone was
satisfied with. In recent years, botanists have turned the
tools of molecular classification on the genus, examining the
sequences of the DNA that codes for the characters of each
species. These results have shown that the genus really
does contain many species not closely related, and, consequently
the genus has been divided up. In particular, native North
American asters are not related, for the most part, to native
Eurasian asters. Unfortunately for those who don't like
changing names, the plant that Linnaeus first used to describe
the genus Aster was Eurasian, and thus, by the laws of
botanical nomenclature, the Eurasian species got to keep the
name. There is now only one native Aster in North
America and it is a western species. Most, but not all,
asters in Virginia have gone into the genus Symphyotrichum.
Botanists, however, have no jurisdiction over the common names
that everyday folk call them, so the species will all retain the
common name aster until everyday people start calling them
something else.
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